… Correspondingly, the energetic cost for fish gill ventilation is usually much greater than
for lung ventilation (Graham et al., 1987; Dejours, 1994). Air contains nearly 20.95% O2 (0.2095 …

The late Palaeozoic was marked by significant changes in atmospheric chemistry and biotic
composition. Geochemical models suggest a marked increase and then decline of …

Elasmobranchs and bony fishes have evolved independently for more than 400 million
years. However, two Recent groups, the lamnid sharks (Family Lamnidae) and tunas (Family …

Regional endothermy, the conservation of metabolic heat by vascular countercurrent heat
exchangers to elevate the temperature of the slow‐twitch locomotor muscle, eyes and brain, or …

Thunniform swimming, the capacity to conserve metabolic heat in red muscle and other
body regions (regional endothermy), an elevated metabolic rate and other physiological rate …

For decades, marketers have trumpeted the importance of word of mouth in influencing
purchase choice, but have still spent billions on brand advertising—without any proof of the link …

The metabolic rates of three tropical tunas [yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), kawakawa (Euthynnus
affinis) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis)] were estimated using a large water-…

A large, sea-going water tunnel was used in various studies of shark swimming performance.
The critical swimming velocity (U crit , an index of aerobically sustainable swimming speed…

Background An emerging body of the literature in the past two decades has generally
shown that prior cognitive exertion is associated with a subsequent decline in physical …

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) swimming kinematics was studied in a large water
tunnel at controlled swimming velocities (U). Quantified kinematic variables included the tail-beat …