Table 3

Correlations

VariablePQADOWNVOLATILEQUITYINVOLVCATAGENPLFREQGDPPC
PQ
AD  .17
OWN  .72  .29
VOLATIL  .07 −.17  .01
EQUITY  .53  .25  .44 −.01
INVOLV  .02  .18 −.21 −.09  .06
CATAGE  .01 −.10 −.01  .01 −.07  .18
NPL  .19  .11  .13  .06  .16  .21  .02
FREQ  .01  .14 −.29 −.10  .07  .66  .06 −.17
GDPPC  .00  .04 −.04  .02 −.01  .00  .01  .01  .00
  • Note: PQ = perceived quality; AD = advertising expenditures; OWN = ownership; VOLATIL.= advertising volatility; EQUITY = brand equity; INVOLV = product involvement; CATAGE = product category age; NPL = new product launch frequency; FREQ = purchase frequency; GDPPC = macroeconomic condition (gross domestic product per capita).