Participant Demographics by Experimental Condition, Whole Sample
| Characteristic | n (%) for Experimental Condition | Total n (%) | X2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gain-Frame Message | Loss-Frame Message | |||||
| Emotional Cue | Informational Cue | Emotional Cue | Informational Cue | |||
| Gendera | X2(3) = 0.524, p = .914 | |||||
| Male | 38 (11.9) | 38 (11.9) | 41 (12.9) | 45(14.1) | 162 (50.8) | |
| Female | 40 (12.5) | 40 (12.5) | 37 (11.6) | 40 (12.5) | 157 (49.2) | |
| Age group | X2 (15) = 12.465, p = .644 | |||||
| 18–24 | 14 (4.4) | 11 (3.4) | 13 (4) | 19 (5.9) | 57 (17.8) | |
| 25–34 | 17 (5.3) | 11 (3.4) | 13 (4) | 14 (4.4) | 55 (17.1) | |
| 35–44 | 15 (4.7) | 13 (4) | 12 (3.7) | 11 (3.4) | 51 (15.9) | |
| 45–54 | 11 (3.4) | 15 (4.7) | 14 (4.4) | 8 (2.5) | 48 (15) | |
| 55–64 | 10 (3.1) | 9 (2.8) | 14 (4.4) | 12 (3.7) | 45 (14) | |
| 65+ | 11 (3.4) | 19 (5.9) | 13 (4) | 22(6.9) | v65 (20.2) | |
| Language | X2 (3) = 1.3, p = .729 | |||||
| English | 75 (23.4) | 72 (22.4) | 75 (23.4) | 82 (25.5) | 304 (94.7) | |
| Other | 3 (0.9) | 6 (1.9) | 4 (1.2) | 4 (1.2) | 17 (5.3) | |
| Highest qualification | X2 (12) = 14.28, p = .283 | |||||
| Completed primary school or less | 3 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 6 (1.9) | |
| Completed high school | 10 (3.1) | 23 (7.2) | 21 (6.5) | 20 (6.2) | 74 (23.1) | |
| Completed further studies including a trade, certificate, apprenticeship, or diploma | 20 (6.2) | 21 (6.5) | 20 (6.2) | 30 (9.3) | 91 (28.3) | |
| Completed a university degree | 26 (8.1) | 18 (5.6) | 20 (6.2) | 17 (5.3) | 81 (25.2) | |
| Completed a university higher degree | 19 (5.9) | 16 (5) | 16 (5) | 18 (5.6) | 6 9 (21.5) | |
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | F Values | |
| Need for cognition | 3.36 (0.73) | 3.31 (0.70) | 3.37 (0.72) | 3.25 (0.68) | 3.32 (0.71) | F (3,317) = .466, p = .706 |
| Regulatory focus | ||||||
| Promotion focused | 4.75 (1.15) | 4.94 (0.87) | 4.91 (0.84) | 4.67 (0.90) | 4.82 (0.95) | F (3,317) = 1.475, p = .221 |
| Prevention focused | 4.76 (0.85) | 4.83 (0.80) | 4.69 (0.74) | 4.53 (0.92) | 4.70 (0.84) | F (3,317) = 1.908, p = .128 |
Note: N = 321.
↵a Nonbinary respondents (0.6%) were excluded in this comparison (Loss Frame × Informational, n = 1; Loss Frame × Emotional, n = 1).